Arthritis

Arthritis is a classification of many conditions that affect the joints. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is characterized by deterioration of protective cartilage covering the joints -- the wear and tear that most people associate with the normal aging process -- and the development of bone formations that can affect joint function.

Problems associated with arthritis can range from mild pain and stiffness, to deformities of the joints and internal organs. The symptoms of arthritis may include pain, swelling, and a decrease in joint motion. Sometimes the joint may "lock" or "click" when it moves.

A diagnosis of arthritis may be confirmed by physical examination and various imaging techniques. Blood tests may be included to determine whether the condition is rheumatoid arthritis, a condition in which the immune system attacks  the body's tissues, particularly the joints. Other tests may also be needed. Analysis of fluid from the joint may be required in some cases, and arthroscopy may be used to permit visualization and evaluation of the extent of damage to cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, as well as to confirm a diagnosis.

Although aging is most often associated with osteoarthritis, the risk of developing the condition may be increased by excess stress on the joint, such as from repeated injury or deformity. Osteoarthritis most often affects middle-aged and older people. A young person who develops osteoarthritis may have an inherited form of the disease or may have experienced continuous irritation from an unrepaired injury. The symptoms of arthritis include pain, swelling, and a decrease in joint motion. Morning stiffness that lessens after moving around is very common. Over time, the problem may become disabling, causing such extreme pain and stiffness that affects the ability to perform routine daily activities.

There is no cure for arthritis, but over the past 10 years, dramatic new strides in pain management techniques have been introduced, as well as advancements to treat lack of mobility and fatigue, the most disabling symptoms.

Many arthritic conditions, for example, localized arthritis at the base of the thumb, can be very effectively treated allowing significant relief of pain and greater mobility of function. People that have significant osteoarthritic problems should always be evaluated by a physician in order to determine whether specific appropriate treatments are available. During the early and middle stages of the disease, a treatment program of medicines, cortisone shots, ice treatments, exercise, and physical therapy can be very helpful in reducing symptoms and improving mobility.

When other therapies have not helped to increase function of the joint or relieve pain, surgery may be considered. Knee or hip replacement is a very positive solution to alleviate the pain and disability of advanced osteoarthritis. The rough, worn surfaces of the joint are re-lined with smooth surfaced metal and plastic components.  Other common surgeries include tendon repair, removal of excessive synovial tissue, and bone fusion.