The structures of the foot
are comprised of a highly integrated group of 26 bones, with numerous muscles,
tendons, and ligaments holding the bony structures together in proper alignment
and providing support for balance and movement.
The ankle is formed by the
juncture of three bones - the lower ends of the tibia and fibula (the lower
leg) and the uppermost bone of the foot, called the talus. The uniquely
curved dome of the talus bone permits the hinge like movement of the foot.
Beneath the ankle joint are
additional tarsal bones, which form the lower portion of the heel and its
connection to the metatarsal bones of the foot. The Achilles' tendon joins
the heel to the muscles of the calf.
The metatarsal bones form
a portion of the arch, or instep, of the foot and connect to the phalanges,
or toe bones. A broad sheath of tendons called
the plantar fascia supports and cushions the foot and heel. A thick layer
of fatty tissue between the skin and the underside of the foot and ankle
provides additional cushioning from the stresses of weight bearing and
joint movement.
