Lower Back Pain 

Lower back pain is the most common type of chronic back pain. It usually results from an injury to the muscles and ligaments of the lumbar spine, often due to lifting or twisting injuries. Stress, excess weight, and bad posture can also be contributing factors. Often the pain does not occur immediately after the injury, so the specific cause of the pain may not be apparent. Although back pain can occur anywhere in the back, it is most common in the lower back. 

Back strain results from damage to muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons in the back, and is caused by over stretching of the ligaments or tendons, or overuse of the muscles in the back. The most common problem is a strained or pulled  muscle. Once the muscles, ligaments or tendons in the back are damaged, they are more susceptible to re-injury. 

Although the causes of low back pain are complex, much scientific research points to the fact that work related activities are a significant factor in developing back disorders. The National Safety Council states that as many as 25 percent of workplace injuries are caused by over exertion, which is listed as the cause for 60 percent out of all low back injuries reported. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration reports over 1 million workers each year are affected by back pain. It is second only to the common cold in causing lost days from work. Economically, low back disorders in the United States cost between $50 and $100 billion each year. An estimated $11 billion of those costs are covered by Workers' Compensation, with an average claim costing $8,300 -- more than twice the average cost all of other types of reimbursed claims combined. 

Many back problems are relieved with time and rest. Heat or ice, gentle massage, and acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin can help ease pain. Therapeutic exercise under the guidance of a physical therapist may also be helpful. Stronger pain killers or muscle relaxants are sometimes prescribed for “flare ups.” Although these measures help relieve back pain, recurring back pain is quite common. Preventive measures, including good posture, proper lifting, exercises to strengthen the back, and losing excess weight, may reduce the likelihood of future back problems. 

Symptoms of lower back pain persisting beyond one month should be evaluated by a doctor. If you develop leg weakness or numbness, or loss of bowel or bladder control, you need to contact your doctor immediately.